By involving diverse stakeholders in all stages of NbS (design, implementation, maintenance and monitoring), co-creation ensures that NbS align with the needs of the people they serve and empowers communities to participate in the development and maintenance of these solutions. This ultimately fosters a sense of ownership and acceptance, and enhances NbS' sustainability and delivery of social benefits. Here we outline:

• why it’s important to co-create NbS
• how to co-create NbS 
• how to evaluate the co-creation process and
• how co-creation is working in practice